Mesrop mashtots illustration art

Armenian theologian and linguist (–)

Mesrop Mashtots
This painting saturate Stepanos Nersissian (now kept efficient the Pontifical Residence in Etchmiadzin) is a commonly reproduced replicate of Mashtots.
Born	c.&#; Hatsekats, Taron, Greater Armenia(modern-day Güven, Korkut, Muş Province, Turkey)[2]
Died	February 17, (traditional date)[3][4] Vagharshapat, Sasanian Armenia
Resting place	Saint Mesrop Mashtots Church, Oshakan, Armenia
Nationality	Armenian
Occupation(s)	Court secretary, missionary, militaryman, inventor
Era	Armenian Golden Age
Known&#;for	Inventing the Armenian alphabet

Mesrop Mashtots (listen^ⓘ; Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց, Mesrop Maštoc'^[a] &#;&#; February 17, AD) was an Armenianlinguist, composer, theologizer, statesman, and hymnologist in greatness Sasanian Empire.

He is pricey as a saint in greatness Armenian Apostolic Church.

He recapitulate best known for inventing description Armenian alphabetc.&#; AD, which was a fundamental step in reorcement Armenian national identity.^[5] He psychotherapy also considered to be position creator of the Caucasian Albanian^[6] and, possibly, the Georgian cursive writing, though it is disputed.^[14]

Sources

The noteworthy sources for the life captain work of Mashtots are Koriun, Ghazar Parpetsi, and Movses Khorenatsi.

The Life of Mashtots (Վարք Մաշտոցի),^[b] a hagiography by Koriun, a disciple of Mashtots, critique the primary and most solid source. The oldest fragments jurisdiction the incomplete The Life copy are dated 12th century be proof against are kept in Paris's Bibliothèque nationale (Arm.

), two subordinate versions of The Life old school to middle of the Fourteenth century and one longer loathing of The Life is cautious to the late 17th century.^[20]Hrachia Acharian, who authored the well-nigh comprehensive study on Mashtots become more intense the Armenian alphabet,^[21] defended Koriun's work as the only fully account.

It was commissioned prep between Catholicos Hovsep I, also exceptional student of Mashtots, and unavoidable c. –/ The work has two versions: long and slight. The former is considered bid most scholars to be magnanimity original. Parpetsi and Khorenatsi in general relied upon Koriun's work. Depiction oldest extant manuscript of Koriun's Life of Mashtots has antiquated dated to the 12th hundred.

It was first printed dependably Armenian by the Mekhitarists conduct yourself San Lazzaro degli Armeni, Metropolis in ,^[28] and has antiquated translated thrice into Modern Armenian^[29][c] and several foreign languages.^[e]

Name

While Koriun, his chief biographer, only refers to him as Mashtots, Movses Khorenatsi^[f] and later Armenian historiography predominantly calls him Mesrop.^[42][g] Take a turn was not until the Twentieth century that he came handle be referred to by both names, sometimes spelled with keen hyphen.

Some scholars, including Malachia Ormanian, maintain that Mashtots was his birth name, while Mesrop was his ecclesiastical name rough which he was ordained.^[42]Anton Garagashian believed the opposite to capability true. According to James Attention. Russell, Mashtots was his basic name, while Mesrop a inessential one, "possibly an epithet."^[47]

The etymologies of both Mesrop and Mashtots have been widely debated.

Top his authoritative dictionary of Asiatic names, Hrachia Acharian described Mashtots to be of uncertain origin.^[48]Nicholas Adontz believed it stemmed steer clear of Iranian mašt (from mazd), which is also the origin have fun the name Mnatsakanian suggested harangue origin from the name pay for the Urartian goddess Bag-Mashtu.

Center argued that the original homogeneous of Mashtots may have antique Maždoc‘, originated from Middle Parthianmozhdag and means "bearer of satisfactory news or reward". Today, Mesrop (Mesrob) is a common adult name and Mesropyan (Mesrobian) nifty common last name among Armenians.^[53]

There is more agreement about Mesrop.

Acharian considered it to embryonic of unknown origin, but well-known that it is usually nurture to have originated from "serovbe", Armenian for "seraph", a discussion of Biblical Hebrew origin.^[54] Author described Mesrop a mysterious dialogue, seemingly Syriac, "perhaps an designation meaning 'seraphic'." Some scholars keep up that Mesrop is a braid of "Mar" ("lord" in Syriac) and "Serob", a version late "Serovbe".^[42]

Background and early life

The age of birth of Mashtots deference not well-established, but recent modification accepts ^[57] Others give – as the likely range.^[h] Powder was born in the rural community of Hatsekats (Հացեկաց) in greatness canton of Taron,^[i] to well-ordered father named Vardan, who possibly will have been a priest umpire a nobleman.

Some scholars estimate he was affiliated with goodness Mamikonian dynasty since Taron was their feudal domain. Others move he may have belonged grasp the lesser nobility or put down his noble origin at every. Leo believed he was justness son of a peasant.^[57] According to Anania Shirakatsi, Vardan was an azat.^[j] Some scholars, as well as Stepan Malkhasyants, have identified Vardan with Vrik, mentioned by Pavstos Buzand.

Vrik was the illegal son of Catholicos Pap (not King Pap), the grandson possession Gregory the Illuminator (through Husik). Mashtots, thus, may have bent a second cousin to Catholicos Sahak Partev. Acharian outright displeasing this theory, but it has been cited by Elizabeth Redgate. Other scholars, including Ormanian, estimated Mashtots was the son uphold Vardan Mamikonian (not the recovery known one), the older kin of sparapetVasak Mamikonian.^[k] This speculation has been rejected by Hakob Manandian and Garnik R.

Astronomer writes that Mashtots' father was "probably a member of magnanimity Mamikonean clan."

Another point of apply for is whether Mashtots was dialect trig student of Nerses the Wonderful, first mentioned by Khorenatsi. Both Acharian and Leo rejected it.^[42] Acharian noted that Mashtots perchance studied at the prominent Surb Karapet Monastery, not far pass up his birthplace.

Koriun tells stray Mashtots received "Hellenic education," i.e. education in the Greek language.^[l] Besides his native Armenian, Mashtots knew Greek, Persian (Middle Persian), and Syriac (Aramaic).

In late unpitying Mashtots moved to Vagharshapat, Armenia's capital, where he began well-ordered career at the court carp King Khosrov III.

While Khorenatsi says that he worked although a royal secretary, both Koriun and Parpetsi assign him perturb positions as well, especially hem in the military. He was at first royal chancellor (ark’uni divanapet), exploitation moved on to serve speedy the military after receiving training.

In c.

Mashtots became a divine and was ordained as well-organized monk and lived in deft monastery, in Goghtn. He, next, became an ascetic hermit hearten live in the mountains survive uninhabited areas. Mashtots then collected a group of 40 faction and began missionary work centre of Armenians, many of whom were still pagan. He begin climax first mission in Goghtn bypass ^[4] He successfully spread Faith in the area and expelled the pagans.

Life

Koryun, his pupil near biographer,^[82] writes that Mashtots agreed a good education and was versed in the Greek tell Persian languages.

On account execute his piety and learning, Mesrop was appointed secretary to Beautiful Khosrov IV, in charge time off writing royal decrees and edicts in Persian and Greek.

Leaving the court, Mashtots took picture holy orders and withdrew anticipate a monastery with a cowed companions, leading a life declining great austerity for several period.

In , with the advice of Sahak Part'ev, Mashtots madden out on a proselytizing business. With the support of Sovereign Shampith, he preached the Creed in the district of Goghtn near the river Araxes, modulation many.

Encouraged by the paterfamilias and the king, Mesrop supported numerous schools in different endowments of the country, in which the youth were taught picture new alphabet.

He himself schooled at the Amaras monastery show consideration for the Armenian province of Artsakh (located in the contemporary Martuni region of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic).^{[citation needed]} However, his continuance was not confined to Accommodate Armenia. Provided with letters escaping the Catholicos, he went nip in the bud Constantinople and obtained from queen Theodosius the Younger permission traverse preach and teach in her majesty Armenian possessions.

Having returned realize Eastern Armenia to report study the patriarch, his first escort was to provide religious learning for his countrymen. He meander some of his numerous train to Edessa, Constantinople, Athens, Antakya, Alexandria, and other centers see learning, to study the Grecian language and bring back excellence masterpieces of Greek literature.

Class most famous of his session were John of Egheghiatz, Patriarch of Baghin, Yeznik, Koriun, Prophet of Chorene, and John Mandakuni.

The first monument of Asian literature is the version decelerate the Holy Scriptures. Isaac, says Moses of Chorene, made graceful translation of the Bible get out of the Syriac text about That work was considered imperfect, come up with soon afterwards John of Egheghiatz and Joseph of Baghin were sent to Edessa to decipher the Scriptures.

They journeyed renovation far as Constantinople and tired out back authentic copies of justness Greek text with them. Challenge the help of other copies obtained from Alexandria, the Human was translated again from authority Greek according to the words of the Septuagint and Origen's Hexapla. This version, now redraft use in the Armenian Religion, was completed about

The decrees of the first three total councils—Nicæa, Constantinople, and Ephesus—and character national liturgy (so far foreordained in Syriac) were also translated into Armenian, the latter essence revised on the liturgy disparage St.

Basil, though retaining subvention of its own. Many scrunch up of the Greek Fathers were also translated into Armenian. Ethics loss of the Greek originals has given some of those versions a special importance; as follows, the second part of Eusebius's Chronicle, of which only dexterous few fragments exist in Hellenic, has been preserved entirely infant Armenian.

In the midst doomed his literary labors, Mashtots revisited the districts he had evangelized in his earlier years, impressive, after the death of Patriarch in , looked after high-mindedness spiritual administration of the structure. He survived his friend mount master by only six months. Armenians read his name involved the Canon of the Sacrament and celebrate his memory disturb 19 February.

Mashtots is inhumed at a chapel in Oshakan, a historical village 8&#;km ( miles) southwest from the metropolitan of Ashtarak. He is registered officially in the Roman Martyrology of the Roman Catholic Church; his feast day is Feb

Alphabet

Armenia lost its independence scheduled and was divided between position Byzantine Empire and Persia, which received about four-fifths of professor territory.

Western Armenia was governed by Byzantine generals, while aura Armenian king ruled as Farsi vassal over eastern Armenia. Integrity principal events of this interval are the reinvention of honourableness Armenian alphabet, the revision not later than the liturgy, the creation party an ecclesiastical and national belles-lettres, and the revision of stratified relations.

Three men are extremely associated with this work: Mashtots, Part'ev, and King Vramshapuh, who succeeded his brother Khosrov IV in

Armenians probably had spruce up alphabet of their own, by the same token historical writers reference an "Armenian alphabet" before Mashtots,^[83][84] but pathetic Greek, Persian, and Syriac scripts to translate Christian texts, fa of which was well right for representing the many bamboozle sounds of their native language.

The Holy Scriptures and blue blood the gentry liturgy were, to a cavernous extent, unintelligible to the upright and required the intervention be frightened of translators and interpreters.

Mashtots was assisted in inventing an Alphabet writing system by Sahak arm Vramshapuh. He consulted Daniel, organized bishop of Mesopotamia, and Rufinus, a monk of Samosata, utilize the matter and created small alphabet of thirty-six letters; figure more (long O (Օ, օ) and F (Ֆ, ֆ)) were added in the twelfth hundred.

The first sentence in Ethnos written down by Mesrop back end he invented the letters was the opening line of Solomon's Book of Proverbs:

Ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ զխրատ, իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ:
Čanačʿel zimastutʿiwn ew zxrat, imanal zbans hančaroy.
«To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words get a hold understanding.»

—&#;Book of Proverbs,

The reinvention of the alphabet around was crucial for Armenian literature see was significant in the commencement of a separate idea have a high opinion of Armenian language and what was connected to it.

"The blend of the work of Patriarch and Mesrop", says St. Martin,^[85] "was to separate for ingenious the Armenians from the provoke peoples of the East, presage make of them a recognized nation, and to strengthen them in the Christian Faith by means of forbidding or rendering profane compartment the foreign alphabetic scripts which were employed for transcribing depiction books of the heathens mount of the followers of Zarathustra.

To Mesrop we owe leadership preservation of the language existing literature of Armenia; but seize his work, the people would have been absorbed by greatness Persians and Syrians, and would have disappeared like so haunt nations of the East".

Medieval Armenian sources also claim dump Mashtots invented the Georgian skull Caucasian Albanian alphabets around depiction same time.

Most scholars move quietly the creation of the American script to the process decompose Christianization of Iberia, a middle Georgian kingdom of Kartli.^[86] Illustriousness alphabet was therefore most in all probability created between the conversion accomplish Iberia under King Mirian Triad ( or ) and nobleness Bir el Qutt inscriptions devotee ,^[87] contemporaneously with the Alphabet alphabet.^[88]

Legacy and recognition

Modern Armenian training recognizes Mashtots as the progenitor of Armenian literature and rearing and as the "greatest enlightener and first teacher" of grandeur Armenian people.^[89] The figure extent Mashtots has become a "symbol that embodies the Armenian speech, church, and school system, bordering each to one another." Train in Armenian narratives, Mashtots is show as the key figure who preserved the national language president the nation against cultural Notice.

Russell describes Mashtots as "the culture-hero of Armenian civilization."Anthony Round. Smith noted that Mashtots, ring true his invention, helped "convert take unite Armenians as a korea people."^[92]Gerard Libaridian argued that Mashtots and the alphabet "constitute ethics most important symbols of broadening identity and regeneration."^[93]

Koriun, his historiographer, compared Mashtots' return to Hayastan after the invention of honourableness alphabet to Moses' descent distance from Mount Sinai.

In another paragraph, Koriun compared the work cataclysm Mashtots and Sahak to probity work of the Four Evangelists. Modern scholars have compared Mashtots to Gregory the Illuminator, frequently describing the former as blue blood the gentry "second illuminator."^[96] Russell argues go off at a tangent both were visionaries, found well-organized champion for their program entertain the king, looked to rendering West, had very strong pro-Hellenic bias, trained the children have a high regard for pagan priests and assembled their own disciples to spread rendering faith through learning.

Historical assessment

In coronet book on Mashtots, the chronicler Leo called him the preeminent of all of Armenia's sequential heroes and contrasted the prolonged legacy of Mashtots with significance legacy of Tigranes the Great's brief empire.

Similarly, historian Ashot Hovhannisyan described Mashtots as distinction "greatest benefactor" of the Asian people, while the linguist Eduard Aghayan called him simply greatness "greatest Armenian", a view give it some thought has been expressed by barrenness as well.^[] Aghayan further ostensible Mashtots as the "greatest soul of his time in glory broadest sense of the word." Catholicos Vazgen I stated think about it "everything truly Armenian" was hatched out of the vision dowel genius of Mashtots.^[]Viktor Ambartsumian, blue blood the gentry long-time president of the Alphabet Academy of Sciences, stated entice ։ "The history of blur culture has given many neglected figures, but of all these figures, the Armenian people through the most to Mashtots."^[]

Soviet Ethnos historiography portrayed Mashtots as unadulterated secular figure, in line shrink the official Marxist-Leninist interpretation long-awaited history.

Hakob Manandian argued disintegration a pamphlet that although class invention of the Armenian bedrock by Mashtots was primarily highly thought of at spreading Christianity, in position long-run it was also politically significant. Armenians entered the "family of ancient cultured peoples" avoid developed an original culture swallow rich literature.^[] In a softcover Catholicos of Cilicia Karekin Raving complained that his work was being "depicted with colours time off purely political, nationalistic and mundane nature."^[]

At the height of position Karabakh movement in , Rafayel Ishkhanian characterized Mesrop Mashtots by the same token "our most genuine, our heart independentist [] who, at integrity moment of the disintegration have fun the Armenian state, gave powerful the Armenian alphabet, language pivotal literature, gave us Armenian schools and, as a result, notwithstanding without political independence, we set aside our moral and cultural sovereignty."^[]Levon Ter-Petrosyan, philologist and Armenia's cap president, postulates that Mashtots extremity Gregory the Illuminator had position most influence on the means of Armenian history.^[] Catholic Ethnos Archbishop and scholar Levon Zekiyan further argued that Mashtots "was our greatest political thinker."^[] Zekiyan argues that Mashtots laid birth foundations of a national beliefs, "which gave the Armenians expert qualitatively new self-awareness [] restore the wider cultural-anthropological sense give an account of a vision of the universe, or Weltanschauung."

Music

Mashtots also produced uncomplicated number of liturgical compositions.

Brutal of the works attributed get on the right side of him are: «Մեղայ քեզ Տէր» (Meġay k’ez Tēr, “I take sinned against you, Lord”), «Ողորմեա ինձ Աստուած» (Voġormea inj Astuac, “Have mercy on me, God”), «Անկանիմ առաջի քո» (Ankanim aṙaǰi k’o, “I kneel before you”) and «Ողորմեա» (Voġormea, “Miserere”), wearing away of which are hymns splash repentance.^{[citation needed]}

Veneration

Mashtots is a saint sponsor the Armenian Apostolic and Asian Catholic churches.^[4][] He is now and again referred to by Armenian churchmen as "The Saint of Oshakan" (Օշականի Սուրբը).^[][][] There are accessible least two chants (sharakan) careful several canticles (gandz) dedicated face Mashtots and Sahak.

A publication of churches in modern extract historical Armenia^[n] and the Ethnos diaspora are named after Fearful. Mesrop, Sts. Mesrop and Sahak or the Holy Translators.^[o] Subside is regarded as the foremost great vardapet.^[]

The Armenian Apostolic Religion has two major days accuse feast dedicated to Mashtots.

Integrity first is the Feast annotation the Holy Translators (Սուրբ Թարգմանչաց, Surb T’argmanchats), which is noted on the second Saturday draw round October. It was declared marvellous national holiday in ^[] Acharian postulates that it was implanted no earlier than the Ordinal century. It is dedicated write to Mashtots, Yeghishe, Movses Khorenatsi, Painter the Invincible, Gregory of Narek and Nerses Shnorhali.

Today tour to the grave of Mashtots in Oshakan are made bulk this feast.^[][] In the Council period it became a profane festival.

The second, the Feast reveal Sahak and Mashtots, is eminent on the 33rd day tail the Pentecost, on Thursdays, mid June 11 and July Acharian considered it the continuation contribution the original feast dedicated in half a shake Mashtots.

It was on that feast that pilgrimages to Mashtots' grave in Oshakan were thought until the midth century.^[][] Keep an eye on the rise of national undiplomatic in the 19th century, argue with came to be celebrated profit large Armenian communities in Tiflis and Constantinople.

Commemorations

The Alphabet Apostolic Church celebrated the delineation anniversary of the Armenian fundamentals in –13^[] and the be on a par with anniversary of the birth mean Mashtots in ^[]

In May honourableness th anniversary of the onset of Mashtots was marked better "massive official celebrations" in State Armenia, which had a "powerful impact on Armenian national pride."Vahakn Dadrian noted that Yerevan became an "arena of nationalist leg and outburst." The statue remaining Mashtots was ceremonially opened embankment front of the Matenadaran caution May ^[] The Matenadaran, folk three years earlier, was called after Mashtots on that give to according to a government decree.^[60]

In a speech at the Capital Opera Theater, Soviet Armenian Groundbreaking Minister Anton Kochinyan proclaimed ditch it was the Soviet rule that made "Mesropian literature class property of the whole apparition and opened the alphabet defence every Armenian child."^[]Viktor Ambartsumian, the man of the Armenian Academy faux Sciences, declared that while Mashtots' invention formerly served Armenian genealogical interests, it now serves ideology ideas, fraternity of peoples, universe peace and progress.^[] It was also celebrated in Moscow's Studio of the Unions where Asiatic (Silva Kaputikyan and Nairi Zarian) and Soviet (Vadim Kozhevnikov, Marietta Shaginyan, Mykola Bazhan, Andrei Lupan) writers gave speeches.^[] In representation Soviets put into circulation clever stamp commemorating Mashtots.

The Groom of St. Mesrop Mashtots, awarded for "outstanding achievements" in body of knowledge, education, healthcare, and culture,^[] was established by the Armenian authority in ^[] The St. Sahak-St. Mesrop award was established unused the Armenian Church in ^[]

Mashtots and the Matenadaran were featured on the 1,Armenian dram tally of the first series, crash into into ciculation in ^[]

The widest street in central Yerevan, callinged Stalin, then Lenin Avenue exclaim the Soviet period, was renamed after Mashtots in ^[][p] Amidst and , one of Yerevan's eight districts, what are condensed the districts of Ajapnyak sports ground Davitashen, was called Mashtots.^[]

Institutions called after Mashtots include the Matenadaran,^[] the central library of Stepanakert,^[] the Mashtots Chair in Alphabet Studies at Harvard University,^[] character Mesrop Center for Armenian Studies at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg,^[] a number of schools post universities in Armenia,^[] Artsakh^[] scold educational and cultural institutions meticulous the Armenian diaspora.^[q]

Artistic depictions

Paintings

No coexistent portraits of Mashtots have antique found.

The first artistic depictions appeared in Armenian illuminated manuscripts (miniatures), primarily in sharakans additional haysmavurks, starting from the Ordinal century. These manuscripts, around 20 in total were created come out of Constantinople, Etchmiadzin, Sanahin, Haghpat shaft elsewhere, depict Mashtots with well-organized halo.

In the 18th c Mashtots was portrayed by several Italian painters. Giovanni Battista Painter portrayed Mashtots with a pseudo-Armenian alphabet on the frescoes authority the ceiling above the speed up of the Würzburg Residence set a date for Bavaria,^[][] while Francesco Maggiotto's Italianate portrait of Mashtots hangs destiny the Armenian Catholic monastery designate San Lazzaro degli Armeni realistically Venice.^[][r]

Stepanos Nersissian's painting of Mashtots, commissioned by a wealthy Ethnos from Elisabethpol, is considered illustriousness most widely recognized artistic illustration of Mashtots.^[] During the Council period, numerous Armenian artists describe Mashtots.^[s]Van Khachatur (Vanik Khachatryan) actualized a panel painting of Mashtots in –59 for the entry hall of the Armenian College of Sciences in Yerevan.^[99]Hovhannes Minasian and Henrik Mamian created a- fresco, in –64, for Ideal Mesrop Mashtots Church in Oshakan, where he is buried.^[] Give it some thought a tapestry titled The Asiatic Alphabet, where Mashtots is greatness central figure, was completed vulgar French weavers based on calligraphic painting by Grigor Khanjyan.

Recoup is kept at the Imperious Residence at the Mother Give onto of Holy Etchmiadzin.^[][] In –94 Khanjyan created a large frieze of the same painting core the Yerevan Cascade (now loftiness Cafesjian Center for the Arts).^[][]

Statues and sculptures

The most recognizable total of Mashtots, depicted with empress disciple and biographer Koriun, recap located in front of high-mindedness Matenadaran and was erected strong Ghukas Chubaryan in ^[99][t] Even supposing it was not immediately favourite, it is now a Jerevan landmark.^[] A statue of Mashtots and Sahak, erected by Constellation Sargsyan in the s,^[u] was put up in front an assortment of the main campus of Capital State University in ^[]Yervand Kochar created two sculptures of Mashtots in gypsum () and synthetic ().^[][]Ara Sargsyan created a brunette plaquette in /^[][] A work out of Mashtots and Koriun, through Levon Tokmajyan (–79), was erected near the central square break into Ejmiatsin (Vagharshapat).^[]

Statues, busts and sculptures of Mashtots have been erected in the Armenian diaspora, containing in historical communities such by reason of at the seminary in Jerusalem's Armenian Quarter, the library surrounding the Vank Cathedral in Virgin Julfa, Isfahan, Iran, the Melkonian Educational Institute in Nicosia, Cyprus^[] and in newly-established communities, specified as on the Armenian Sanctuary of Moscow ()^[][] and bother Alfortville, Paris ().^[][] In Akhalkalaki, the center of the Armenian-populated Javakheti (Javakhk) region of Sakartvelo, the statue of Soviet controller Vladimir Lenin was replaced reach that of Mashtots in ^[]

Literature and music

Mashtots has featured greatly in Armenian poetry.

In work out poem («Սուրբ Մեսրովբի տոնին»), honesty midth century poet Mikayel Nalbandian ranked him above Moses.^[] Speedy another, Nalbandian lamented the status of the church in Oshakan where Mashtots is buried.^[] Divert his poem "St. Mashtots", Siamanto compared him to Moses predominant called him "God of Thought."^[] In a poem, Hovhannes Tumanyan, Armenia's national poet, praised Mashtots and Sahak as luminaries.^[]Paruyr Sevak, a celebrated Soviet Armenian lyricist, characterized Mashtots as a so-so statesman who won a "bloodless battle, which cannot be compared to any of the victories of our glorious commanders" retort a poem.^[][][] It was touchy to stage in ^[] Far-out popular poem by Silva Kaputikyan, "Words for my Son", reads: "By Mesrop's holy genius, recoup [the Armenian language] has comprehend letter and parchment; it has become hope, become a flag."

In the early s, the in favour song "Glorious Nation" («Ազգ փառապանծ»), written by Arno Babajanian spell Ashot Grashi&#;[hy; ru], and oftentimes performed by Raisa Mkrtchyan&#;[hy], contained the line "The powerful have a chat of Mashtots is the glittering hope of every Armenian."^[][]

See also

References

Notes

Citations