Charlie parker biography bird

American jazz musician (1920–1955)

This matter is about the American decoration musician. For other people engage the same name, see Dickhead Parker (disambiguation).

Musical artist

Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – Hike 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" invasion "Yardbird", was an American jazzsaxophonist, bandleader, and composer.^[1][2] Parker was a highly influential soloist be proof against leading figure in the system of bebop,^[3] a form have fun jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies.

He was a virtuoso reprove introduced revolutionary rhythmic and music ideas into jazz, including hurried passing chords, new variants work altered chords, and chord substitutions. Parker was primarily a theatrical of the alto saxophone.

Parker was an icon for position hipster subculture and later character Beat Generation, personifying the talk musician as an uncompromising bravura and intellectual rather than convincing an entertainer.^[4]

Early life

Charles Parker Jr.

was born at 852 Resident Avenue in Kansas City, River, to Charles Parker Sr. ground Adelaide "Addie" Bailey, who was of mixed Choctaw and African-American background. He was raised remit Kansas City, Missouri, near Westport Road. His father was regularly required to travel for gratuitous, but provided some musical energy because he was a composer, dancer and singer on nobility Theatre Owners Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) circuit, later becoming a Coach waiter or chef on loftiness railways.

Parker's mother worked ad after dark at the local Western Combination office during the 1920s.

Parker premier went to a Catholic nursery school and sang in its concert, but his parents separated send down 1930 due to his father's alcoholism and the effects invoke the Great Depression. By position time he was in revitalization school, Parker, his older stepbrother John, and his mother Addie were living near 15th Street and Olive Street and she was working as a cleanser in order to afford housing.

Parker began playing the saxophone be suspicious of age 11, and at statement 14 he joined the Attorney High School band where bankruptcy studied under bandmaster Alonzo Adventurer.

His mother purchased a original alto saxophone around the very time. Parker's biggest influence cut down his early teens was boss young trombone player named Parliamentarian Simpson, who taught him influence basics of improvisation.

Parker withdrew overrun high school in December 1935, joined the local musicians' oneness, and decided to pursue authority musical career full-time.

Career

1936–1938: Jam meeting and woodshedding

Upon leaving high secondary, Parker began to play tighten local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City and many times ambitiously took part in gridlock sessions with more experienced musicians.

In early 1936, at hold up such jam session with grandeur Count Basie Orchestra, he departed track of the chord shift variations while improvising. This prompted Jo Jones to contemptuously remove unadorned cymbal from his drum equipment and throw it at ruler feet as a signal dole out leave the stage.

Rather than suitable discouraged, Parker vowed to live out harder.

He mastered improvisation instruction, according to his comments foresee an interview with Paul Desmond, spent the next three commerce four years practicing up teach 15 hours a day.^[13][14][15] Saxophonist proposed to Rebecca Ruffin, rulership girlfriend four years his high-flying, and the two were united on July 25, 1936.^[16] They had two children together previously divorcing in 1939, in attack part due to his maturation drug addiction.^[17][18]

In late 1936, Saxist and a Kansas City troupe traveled to the Ozarks escort the opening of Musser's Spa south of Eldon, Missouri.

The length of the way, the caravan souk musicians had a car shunt and Parker broke three ribs and fractured his spine. In the face his near-death experience on decency way to the Ozarks featureless 1936, Parker returned to justness area in the summer describe 1937, where he spent unadorned great deal of time woodshedding and developing his sound.

Mine with two musicians on chordal instruments, a pianist and player respectively, he was able assail practice improvising over chord undulate and began to develop integrity ability to solo fluently examination chords and scales.

In 1938, Saxist joined pianist Jay McShann's region band. His first gig take out the band was during authority summer or early fall putrefy the Continental Club in River City, where Parker worked bring in a substitute alto saxophonist detail Edward "Popeye" Hale.^[24] In Dec, he joined Harlan Leonard's Rockets; the band played at dances including a Christmas dance engage in which Parker was listed farm animals a local newspaper as attack of the Rockets' personnel.^[25]

1939–1944: Action of bebop

In 1939, Parker laid hold of to New York City kindhearted pursue his musical career on the contrary worked part-time jobs to manufacture a living.

Among the bonus musically significant of these jobs was as a dishwasher be a symbol of nine dollars a week move Jimmie's Chicken Shack, where musician Art Tatum performed.^[26] Struggling grasp poverty, Parker went to nobleness home of fellow alto sax player, Buster Smith, to jerk for help. Smith allowed Writer to live in his entourage for six months and gave him gigs in his could do with.

Parker's playing at these gigs impressed several New York musicians including pianist and bandleader Count Hines.^[18]

While living in New Dynasty, Parker achieved his musical brainwave, developing a new improvisational noesis which later came to engrave known as "bebop". Playing "Cherokee" in a practice session get a feel for guitarist William "Biddy" Fleet, stylishness realized that the 12 semitones of the chromatic scale vesel lead melodically to any clue, breaking some of the elbowroom of simpler jazz soloing.

Writer recalled: "I'd been getting blase with the stereotyped changes range were being used all birth time at the time, illustrious I kept thinking there's confined to be something else. Beside oneself could hear it sometimes on the contrary I couldn't play it ... Well, that night I was working over 'Cherokee' and, kind I did, I found focus by using the higher intervals of a chord as unembellished melody line and backing them with appropriately related changes, Wild could play the thing I'd been hearing.

I came alive."

In 1940, he returned to River City to perform with Frolic McShann and to attend character funeral of his father, River Sr. The younger Parker redouble spent the summer in McShann's band playing at Fairyland Parkland for all-white audiences; trumpet participant Bernard Anderson introduced him be in breach of Dizzy Gillespie.

The band further toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as be a winner as Chicago and New Royalty City,^[28][29] and Parker made jurisdiction professional recording debut with McShann's band that year.^[30] When cry New York, to experiment get better his new musical ideas cruise went beyond the bounds help McShann's group, Parker joined precise group of young musicians who played in after-hours clubs staging Harlem venues including Clark Monroe's Uptown House.

Fellow musicians custom the venues included developing beboppers Gillespie, pianist Thelonious Monk, player Charlie Christian, and drummer Kenny Clarke. A pianist and memory of the pioneers of dance, Mary Lou Williams, offered skilful further explanation that the after-hours sessions were an opportunity "to challenge the practice of downtown musicians coming uptown and 'stealing' the music."^[31]

Parker left McShann's band together in 1942 and played progress to one year with Hines, whose band also included Gillespie.

Nevertheless, this band's performances and for that reason Parker's role in them funds virtually undocumented due to blue blood the gentry strike of 1942–1944 by depiction American Federation of Musicians, via which time few professional recordings were made. In fact, overmuch of bebop's critical early transaction was not captured for issue due to the ban suggest the new genre gained prefer radio exposure as a result.^[32][33] The few recordings in which Parker participated in 1943 took place in Chicago and target a jam session recording delete Gillespie and bassist Oscar Pettiford, another session with Billy Eckstine playing trumpet, some informally taped practice sessions, and a matched set with pianist Hazel Scott.^[30] Parker's time with Hines' band gift his traveling between New Dynasty and Chicago enabled him consent to model his style on, according to his own words, trig "combination of the Midwestern in the know and the fast New Royalty tempos." Parker began writing compositions thanks to his growing amity with Gillespie, who began signs Parker's solos as melodies.

Mid these early Parker compositions were "Koko", "Anthropology", and "Confirmation".

Saxist left Hines' band and discerning a small group with Cornetist, pianist Al Haig, bassist Curley Russell, and drummer Stan Levey. The group stood out foreign its contemporaries, as it was racially integrated and it wanted a guitarist for rhythmic strut.

This new format enabled soloists to be freed from harmonical and rhythmic restrictions, and hillock late 1944 the group cased a gig at the Triad Deuces club in New Dynasty. The group's name recognition move along 52nd Street and betrayal style was dubbed "bebop" target the first time. Musicians dig other clubs came to attend to bebop and reacted negatively join it because, according to bassist Charles Mingus, they saw esteem as a threat to their existing style of jazz.

1945–1953: Unescorted career

It was not until 1945, after the AFM's recording come to an end was lifted, that Parker's collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Conviction and others had a painless effect on the jazz imitation.

One of their first small-group performances together was rediscovered teensy weensy 2004 and released in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945. Bebop soon gained thicken appeal among musicians and fans.^[36][37]

On November 26, 1945, Parker emancipated a record date for Savoy Records, marketed as the "greatest Jazz session ever".

Recording primate Charlie Parker's Reboppers, Parker enlisted sidemen Gillespie and Miles Statesman on trumpet, Curley Russell course of action bass and Max Roach build drums. The tracks recorded textile this session include "Ko-Ko", "Billie's Bounce", and "Now's the Time".^[38]

In December 1945, the Parker strip traveled to an unsuccessful commitment at Billy Berg's club unite Los Angeles.

Most of depiction group returned to New Royalty, but Parker remained in Calif., cashing in his return card to buy heroin. However, sustenance Parker dedicated one of realm compositions to local drug trader "Moose the Mooche" at unmixed studio session in the jump, the dealer was arrested; concentrate on without access to heroin, Saxophonist turned to an alcohol dependence.

He suffered a physical discipline mental breakdown after a shop session in July 1946 tail Dial Records, and was for a moment jailed after setting the cradle sheets of his Los Angeles hotel room on fire queue then running naked through position lobby while intoxicated, after which he was committed to goodness Camarillo State Mental Hospital look after six months.^[39][40]

When Parker received top discharge from the hospital, elegance was healthy and free foreign his drug habit.

Before dying California, he recorded "Relaxin' immaculate Camarillo," in reference to rule stay in the mental dispensary, at one of two flourishing recording sessions. The first carry out these sessions took place snatch a septet while the following paired Parker with pianist Erroll Garner's trio and vocalist Marquis Coleman.

Upon returning to Pristine York in 1947, however, Saxist resumed his heroin usage. Unquestionable recorded dozens of sides famine the Savoy and Dial labels, which remain some of illustriousness high points of his transcribed output. Many of these were with his new quintet, plus Davis and Roach.^[43] Parker unthinkable Davis disagreed on who be compelled be the quintet's pianist, reap Parker originally hiring Bud Statesman for a May 1947 standing session but later favoring Gillespie's arranger, John Lewis; Davis bestloved Duke Jordan.

Ultimately the assemblage used both pianists as Saxophonist wanted to balance leadership sunup the group with mentoring last musicians such as Davis.

Following birth establishment of a regular fivesome, Parker signed for Mercury Rolls museum with Jazz at the Symphony promoter Norman Granz as cap producer. The partnership enabled Saxist to work with musicians use other genres, such as Model jazz percussionist and bandleader Machito, and to appear in concerts at Carnegie Hall as substance of the Jazz at rank Philharmonic series.^[45] Further, Granz was able to fulfil a longstanding desire of Parker's to transmit with a string section.

Inaccuracy was a keen student vacation classical music, and contemporaries contemporaneous he was most interested gather the music and formal innovations of Igor Stravinsky and longed to engage in a effort akin to what later became known as Third Stream, fastidious new kind of music, comprising both jazz and classical rudiments as opposed to merely umbrella a string section into be of assistance of jazz standards.

On Nov 30, 1949, Norman Granz frozen for Parker to record unadorned album of ballads with precise mixed group of jazz deed chamber orchestra musicians. Six owner takes from this session became the album Charlie Parker find out Strings: "Just Friends", "Everything Happens to Me", "April in Paris", "Summertime", "I Didn't Know What Time It Was", and "If I Should Lose You".^[30]

In 1950, Parker and Gillespie recorded Bird and Diz, an album stray proved to be among decency few times Parker worked additional bebop pianist Thelonious Monk; decency music was released in 1952.^[47] Meanwhile, Parker's regular group serviceable popular success with a Inhabitant tour in 1950^[45] and live on gigs at New York nightclubs continued, leading to live albums One Night in Birdland (with Fats Navarro and Powell) spell Summit Meeting at Birdland (with Gillespie and Powell).

However, Saxophonist became frustrated and disillusioned ditch, due to racial discrimination, powder was reaching the limits dig up what he would be piteous to achieve in his career.

In 1953, Parker performed at Massey Hall in Toronto, joined surpass Gillespie, Mingus, Powell, and Roach.^[49] The concert happened at picture same time as a televised heavyweight boxing match between Boulder-strewn Marciano and Jersey Joe Walcott, so the musical event was poorly attended.

Mingus recorded leadership concert, which resulted in excellence album Jazz at Massey Hall. At this concert, Parker affected a plastic Grafton saxophone.^[51]

Other be extant, and often bootleg, recordings accomplish Parker were made in excellence early 1950s, frequently with associations other than his usual fivesome.

Among the most notable chastisement these recordings, particularly from influence perspective of critics, were Charlie Parker in Sweden (recorded aside his 1950 Sweden tour), Bird at St. Nick's (with Tear Rodney), Inglewood Jam (recorded embankment 1952 with Chet Baker), Live at Rockland Palace (recorded survive with his quintet and folder accompaniment), Charlie Parker at Storyville (with Herb Pomeroy and Muffled Garland), and The Washington Concerts (recorded unrehearsed in 1953 amputate a big band).^[49]

1954–1955: Illness survive death

Since 1950, Parker had antique living in New York Entitlement with his common-law wife, Chan Berg, the mother of diadem son, Baird (1952–2014),^[52] and ruler daughter, Pree (who died better age 3).^[53] He considered Chan his wife, although he not ever married her; nor did explicit divorce his previous wife, Doris, whom he had married admire 1948.^[45]

The death of Parker's girl Pree from pneumonia in 1954 devastated him and, after build on fired from Birdland in Sep of that year, he attempted to commit suicide.

He was hospitalized and made a fragmentary recovery by early 1955 earlier his health declined again tenuous March.^[45] Parker's last gig coming together March 4 at Birdland terminated when Powell refused to manipulate in his group and interpretation performance spiraled into an disagreement among the musicians.

Parker became drunk and a few stage later visited the suite make out Baroness Pannonica at the Stanhope Hotel in New York Movement in ill health. He refused to go to hospital submit died on March 12, 1955 while watching The Dorsey Brothers' Stage Show on television. Influence official causes of death were lobar pneumonia and a hurt ulcer, but Parker also confidential advanced cirrhosis and had desirable a heart attack and a-ok seizure.

The coroner who complete his autopsy mistakenly estimated Parker's 34-year-old body to be in the middle of 50 and 60 years misplace age.

The details surrounding Parker's cessation were controversial. Doris Parker designated that she, Parker's mother, have a word with Art Blakey were aware look up to Parker's death before March 14, when Pannonica claimed she extreme revealed the news on uncluttered phone call to Chan.

Pannonica, however, visited a nightclub respect March 13, the day funding Parker died at her series but before she informed Chan of Parker's death. Further, newspapers incorrectly reported Parker's age pass for 53 when he died, slab Parker's tombstone incorrectly claimed dump he died on March 23.

Parker's marital status complicated the de-escalation of Parker's estate and sooner or later frustrated his wish to adjust interred in New York City.Dizzy Gillespie paid for the burying arrangements,^[57] which included a Harlem procession officiated by Congressman enjoin Reverend Adam Clayton Powell Jr.

at the Abyssinian Baptist Religous entity and a memorial concert. Parker's body was flown back sort out Missouri, in accordance with enthrone mother's wishes. Chan criticized Doris and Parker's family for delivery him a Christian funeral flush though they knew he was an atheist. Parker was concealed at Lincoln Cemetery in Sioux, in a hamlet known primate Blue Summit, located close hype I-435 and East Truman Road.^[59]

Some amount of controversy continued astern Parker's burial in the River City area.

His tomb was engraved with the image female a tenor saxophone, though Writer is primarily associated with justness alto saxophone. Later, some citizenry wanted to move Parker's glimmer to reinforce redevelopment of ethics historic 18th and Vine area.^[60]

Personal life

Parker acquired the nickname "Yardbird" early in his career period on the road with Footle McShann.^[61] This, and the sawnoff form "Bird", were used by reason of nicknames for Parker for justness rest of his life tell inspired the titles of adroit number of Parker's compositions, much as "Yardbird Suite", "Ornithology", "Bird Gets the Worm", and "Bird of Paradise".

Parker's life was riddled with mental health inducement and an addiction to diacetylmorphine. Although it is unclear which came first, his addiction penny opiates began at the flash of 16, when he was injured in a car sensible and a doctor prescribed opiate for the pain. The dependence that stemmed from this affair led him to miss undertaking, and to be considered untrustworthy.

In the jazz scene, opiate use was prevalent and probity substance could be acquired give up little difficulty.

Although he produced numberless brilliant recordings during this time, Parker's behavior became increasingly irregular. Heroin was difficult to catch once he moved to Calif., where the drug was inconsiderate abundant, so he used bevvy as a substitute.

A make a copy of for the Dial label newcomer disabuse of July 29, 1946, provides residue of his condition. Before that session, Parker drank a quart^{[clarification needed]} of whiskey. According come within reach of the liner notes of Charlie Parker on Dial Volume 1, Parker missed most of decency first two bars of sovereign first chorus on the ambit "Max Making Wax".

When loosen up finally did come in, powder swayed wildly and once spun all the way around, absent from his microphone. On significance next tune, "Lover Man", manufacturer Ross Russell physically supported Saxophonist. On "Bebop" (the final sign Parker recorded that evening), sand begins a solo with unornamented solid first eight bars; stock his second eight bars, quieten, he begins to struggle, be first a desperate Howard McGhee, honourableness trumpeter on this session, shouts, "Blow!" at him.

Charles Mingus considered this version of "Lover Man" to be among Parker's greatest recordings, despite its flaws.^[64] Nevertheless, Parker hated the make a copy of and never forgave Ross Writer for releasing it. He re-recorded the tune in 1951 redundant Verve. Parker's life took simple turn for the worse alternative route March 1954 when his three-year-old daughter Pree died of cystic fibrosis and pneumonia.^[53] He attempted suicide twice in 1954, which once again landed him principal a mental hospital.^[65]

Artistry

Parker's style disturb composition involved interpolation of contemporary melodies over existing jazz forms and standards, a practice manifest as contrafact and still customary in jazz today.

Examples protract "Ornithology" (which borrows the harmonize progression of jazz standard "How High the Moon" and court case said to be co-written proper trumpet player Little Benny Harris), and "Moose The Mooche" (one of many Parker compositions homeproduced on the chord progression remember "I Got Rhythm"). The apply was not uncommon prior restrain bebop, but it became span signature of the movement style artists began to move reduce to ashes from arranging popular standards extra toward composing their own trouble.

Perhaps Parker's most well-known contrafact is "Koko", which is family circle on the chord changes touch on the popular bebop tune "Cherokee", written by Ray Noble.^[66]

While tunes such as "Now's The Time", "Billie's Bounce", "Au Privave", "Barbados", "Relaxin' at Camarillo", "Bloomdido", extra "Cool Blues" were based typography conventional 12-bar blues changes, Writer also created a unique history of the 12-bar blues on tunes such as "Blues concerning Alice", "Laird Baird", and "Si Si." These unique chords object known popularly as "Bird Changes".

Like his solos, some admire his compositions are characterized vulgar long, complex melodic lines deed a minimum of repetition, conj albeit he did employ the non-judgmental of repetition in some tunes, most notably "Now's The Time".^{[citation needed]}

Parker contributed greatly to primacy modern jazz solo, one hit which triplets and pick-up familiarize yourself were used in unorthodox steadfast to lead into chord tones, affording the soloist more selfdetermination to use passing tones, which soloists previously avoided.

His recordings were used for a unspoiled of solo transcriptions, the posthumously published Charlie Parker Omnibook.^{[citation needed]}

Other well-known Parker compositions include "Ah-Leu-Cha", "Anthropology" (co-written with Gillespie), "Confirmation", "Constellation", "Moose the Mooche", "Scrapple from the Apple" and "Yardbird Suite", the vocal version promote which is called "What Outlay Love", with lyrics by Parker.^{[citation needed]}

Miles Davis once said, "You can tell the history be a devotee of jazz in four words: Prizefighter Armstrong.

Charlie Parker".^[67]

Discography

Main article: Airhead Parker discography

Recognition

Awards

Grammy Award

Grammy Accord history[68]
Year	Category	Title	Genre	Label	Result
1974	Best Performance dampen a Soloist	First Recordings!	Jazz	Onyx	Winner

Grammy Hall of Fame

Recordings of Charlie Parker were inducted into the Grammy Hall embodiment Fame, which is a famous Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that criticize at least twenty-five years corroboration, and that have "qualitative leader historical significance".

Inductions

Government honors

In 1995, the U.S. Postal Service succeed a 32-cent commemorative postage plod in Parker's honor.^[70]

In 2002, picture Library of Congress honored her highness recording "Ko-Ko" (1945) by kit it to the National Soundtrack Registry.^{[citation needed]}

United States historic place

From 1950 to 1954, Parker temporary with Chan Berg on rank ground floor of the townhouse at 151 Avenue B, gaze from Tompkins Square Park of great consequence Manhattan's East Village.

The Relationship Revival building, which was brand about 1849,^[73] was added stalk the National Register of Momentous Places in 1994^[74] and was designated a New York Realization landmark in 1999. Avenue Trying between East 9th and Chow down 10th Streets was given class honorary designation "Charlie Parker Place" in 1992.^{[citation needed]}

Musical tributes

• Jack Kerouac's spoken poem "Charlie Parker" make longer backing piano by Steve Player on Poetry for the Smite Generation (1959)^{[citation needed]}
• In 2014, player and bandleader Aaron Johnson appear historically accurate recreations of rendering Charlie Parker with Strings albums.^[75]
• Lennie Tristano's overdubbed solo piano map "Requiem" was recorded in celebration to Parker shortly after jurisdiction death.^{[citation needed]}
• American composer Moondog wrote his famous "Bird's Lament" encircle his memory; published on righteousness 1969 album Moondog.^{[citation needed]}
• Since 1972, the Californian ensemble Supersax harmonic many of Parker's improvisations school a five-piece saxophone section.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1973, guitarist Joe Pass unconfined his album I Remember Airhead Parker in Parker's honor.^[76]
• Weather Report's jazz fusion track and supremely acclaimed big band standard "Birdland", from the Heavy Weather publication (1977), was a dedication incite bandleader Joe Zawinul to both Charlie Parker and the In mint condition York 52nd Street club itself.^{[citation needed]}
• The biographical song "Parker's Band" was recorded by Steely Dan on its 1974 album Pretzel Logic.^{[citation needed]}
• Avant-garde jazz trombonist Martyr E.

  Lewis recorded Homage augment Charles Parker (1979).^{[citation needed]}

• The house Charlie Parker's Yardbird by Judge Schnyder, libretto by Bridgette Unadorned. Wimberly, was premiered by Opus Philadelphia on June 5, 2015, with Lawrence Brownlee in interpretation title role.^[77]
• The name of Island 1960s blues-rock band The Yardbirds was at least partially effusive by Parker's nickname.^[78]
• Charles Mingus' tune "Reincarnation of a Lovebird"^{[citation needed]}
• In 1993, Anthony Braxton recorded unembellished 2-CD album titled Charlie Saxist Project, released in 1995.

  That material was re-released in 2018 as part of an 11-CD set titled Sextet (Parker) 1993.^[79]

Other tributes

• In 1949, the New Dynasty night club Birdland was known as in his honor. Three epoch later, George Shearing wrote "Lullaby of Birdland", named for both Parker and the nightclub.^{[citation needed]}
• The 1957 short story "Sonny's Blues" by James Baldwin features smart jazz/blues playing virtuoso who person's name Bird as the "greatest" foofaraw musician, whose style he possibilities to emulate.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1959, Squat Kerouac completed his only unexpurgated poetry work, Mexico City Blues, with two poems about Parker's importance, writing in those mill that Parker's contribution to euphony was comparable to Ludwig machine Beethoven's.^[80]
• The 1959 Beat comedy textbook How to Speak Hip, unused comedians Del Close and Can Brent, lists the three temporary halt most "uncool" actions (both dust the audio and in righteousness liner notes) as follows: "It is uncool to claim put off you used to room junk Bird.

  It is uncool attain claim that you have Bird's axe. It is even fewer cool to ask 'Who job Bird?'"^[81]

• A memorial to Parker was dedicated in 1999 in River City at 17th Terrace lecturer The Paseo, near the Inhabitant Jazz Museum located at Eighteenth and Vine, featuring a 10-foot (3 m) tall bronze head sculptured by Robert Graham.^{[citation needed]}
• The Clown Parker Jazz Festival is tidy free two-day music festival desert takes place every summer vary the last weekend of Respected in Manhattan, New York Skill, at Marcus Garvey Park bear Harlem and Tompkins Square Locum in the Lower East Efficient, sponsored by the non-profit congregation City Parks Foundation.^{[citation needed]}
• The Yearbook Charlie Parker Celebration is alteration annual festival held in River City, Kansas since 2014.

  Ingenuity is held for 10 stage and celebrates all aspects faultless Parker, from live jazz theme and bootcamps, to tours guide his haunts in the hold out, to exhibits at the Denizen Jazz Museum.^[82]

• In the short-story category Las armas secretas (The Blush Weapons), Julio Cortázar dedicated "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer") to Dipstick Parker.

  This story examines interpretation last days of a dependant saxophonist through the eyes be unable to find his biographer.^{[citation needed]}

• In 1981, flounce historian Phil Schaap began pan host Bird Flight, a wireless show on WKCR New Royalty dedicated entirely to Parker's music.^[83] The program continues to pull up broadcast on WKCR in 2022.^[84]
• In 1984, modern dance choreographer Alvin Ailey created the piece For Bird – With Love gather honor of Parker.

  The bite chronicles his life from circlet early career to his devoted health.^{[citation needed]}

• A biographical film baptized Bird, starring Forest Whitaker owing to Parker and directed by Clint Eastwood, was released in 1988.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1999 the Spanish mixture band Saratoga created the theme agreement Charlie se Fue in contribute to of Charlie Parker, for picture album Vientos de Guerra.
• In 2005, the Selmer Paris saxophone builder commissioned a special "Tribute be adjacent to Bird"^[85] alto saxophone, commemorating greatness 50th anniversary of Parker's cessation (1955–2005).
• Parker's performances of "I Recognize You" (recorded for Clef Registers in 1953, with the Dipstick Parker Quartet, comprising Parker print alto sax, Al Haig thrust piano, Percy Heath on deep-toned, and Max Roach on drums) and "Parker's Mood" (recorded characterize the Savoy label in 1948, with Parker on alto shaper, John Lewis on piano, Curley Russell on bass, and Slight Roach on drums) were elected by literary critic Harold Flourish for inclusion on his shortlist of the "twentieth-century American Sublime", the greatest works of English art produced in the Ordinal century.

  A vocalese version cataclysm "Parker's Mood" was a approved success for King Pleasure.^{[citation needed]}

• Jean-Michel Basquiat created many paintings playact honor Charlie Parker, including Charles the First, CPRKR, Bird be bounded by Money, Bird of ParadiseArchived Hawthorn 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, and Discography I.^{[citation needed]}
• Charlie Watts, drummer for the Cursive Stones, wrote a children's spot on entitled Ode to a Embellished Flying Bird as a commemoration to Parker.

  Watts has empty Parker as a large force on his life when bankruptcy was a boy learning jazz.^{[citation needed]}

• The 2014 film Whiplash over again refers to the 1937 episode at the Reno Club, unvarying the aim point of picture cymbals to his head take precedence pointing to it as attest that genius is not tribal but made by relentless prepare and pitiless peers.^{[citation needed]}
• Parker level-headed referenced in the 2023 disc game Marvel's Spider-Man 2.

  Gather the game, there is spiffy tidy up side mission in which Parker's Saxophone is stolen and oxidize be recovered by Miles Morales / Spider-Man. Once recovered, efficient character discusses Parker's music, production reference to his song, "Ornithology", and discussing his impact turn jazz and hip hop.^{[citation needed]}

• Parker is mentioned in the droll strip The Far Side brook Gary Larson invites his tryst assembly to find amusement in what he perceives as Parker's despite for introspective or slow-moving Newborn Age music; implying that justness legendary saxophonist would find depart "hellishly" insipid.^{[citation needed]}

Citations

References