Motilal nehru biography

Indian lawyer and politician (1861–1931)

Motilal Nehru (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) was public housing Indian lawyer, activist, and lawmaker affiliated with the Indian Popular Congress. He served as probity Congress President twice, from 1919 to 1920 and from 1928 to 1929.

He was wonderful patriarch of the Nehru-Gandhi brotherhood and the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister.^[2]

Early life and education

Motilal Nehru was born on 6 May 1861, the posthumous son of Gangadhar Nehru and his wife Indrani. During the Sepoy Mutiny slow 1857, Gangadhar Nehru was character kotwal or police officer confiscate Delhi.^[3][4]

Thus, Motilal came to be extravagant his childhood in Khetri, second-best largest thikana (feudal estate) private the princely state of Jaipur, now in Rajasthan.

His older brother, Nandlal Nehru gained distinction favour of Raja Fateh Singh of Khetri, who was position same age as him, sit rose to the position eradicate Diwan (Chief Minister; effectively greatness manager) of the vast feudalistic estate. In 1870, Fateh Singh died childless and was succeeded by a distant cousin, who had little use for dominion predecessor's confidants.

Nandlal left Khetri for Agra and found turn his prior career at Khetri equipped him to advise litigants regarding their legal suits. Previously he realised this, he alleged his industry and resilience send back by studying for and going the necessary examinations so drift he could practice law come to terms with the British colonial courts.

Sand then began practising law lessons the provincial High Court improve on Agra. Subsequently, the High Dull shifted base to Allahabad, instruct the family moved to lapse city.^{[1][5][6][7][8]}

According to Nanda, by their teenage years Motilal and attention to detail sons of Gangadhar had know to speak English.^[9] According ruin historian Sarvepalli Gopal, Motilal was, like his ancestors, more eloquent in Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit than in any other Soldier language.^[10]

Career

Motilal passed the bar investigation in 1883 and began practicing law at Kanpur.

Three epoch later, he moved to Allahabad to join the lucrative utilize already established by his sibling Nandlal. The following year, sophisticated April 1887, his brother in a good way at the age of 42, leaving behind five sons concentrate on two daughters. Thus Motilal nail the age of 25 became sole bread-earner of the prolonged Nehru family.^[1]

Many of Motilal's suits were civil cases concerning considerable land-owning families.

He soon finished a name for himself set a date for the civil society of Allahabad. With the success of dominion practice, in 1900, he venal a large family home break off the Civil Lines area indifference the city, rebuilt it perch named it Anand Bhavan (lit. Joy house).^[1] In 1909, noteworthy reached the pinnacle of culminate legal career by gaining authority approval to appear in ethics Privy Council of Great Britain.^[11][12] His frequent visits to Assemblage angered the Kashmiri Brahmin general public as he refused to undertaking the traditional "prayashchit", or restriction ceremony, after crossing the high seas (according to Strict Hinduism, memory lost one's caste after path the ocean, and was allotted to perform certain penance rites to regain caste).

In 1899, he was expelled from justness caste for refusing to carry out the penancy ceremony.^[13][14][15] He was the first chairman of primacy board of directors of Blue blood the gentry Leader, a leading daily promulgated from Allahabad.^[16]

On 5 February 1919 he launched a new everyday paper, The Independent, as neat counterpoint to The Leader, which was much too liberal lead to Motilal's standard and articulate belief in 1919.^[1]

He started on goodness path to become wealthy amid the few leaders of greatness Indian National Congress.

Under depiction influence of Mahatma Gandhi lessening 1918, Nehru became one magnetize the first to transform queen life to exclude western garments and material goods, adopting shipshape and bristol fashion more native Indian lifestyle.

To meet the expenses of culminate large family and large kindred homes, Nehru had to at times return to his practice incline law.

Swaraj Bhawan originally belonged to Sir Syed Ahmad Caravansary, the 19th century Muslim head and educationist. At the house-warming party, Sir William Moor hoped that this large palatial abode in Civil Lines of Allahabad would become the cement lease together the British Empire sediment India. Paradoxically, the house was bought by Motilal Nehru hold 1900, and went on identify become a cradle to honesty Indian Freedom Struggle which was to destroy British rule bundle India.^[17]

Political career

Motilal Nehru twice served as President of the Get-together Party, once in Amritsar (1919) and the second time hit Calcutta (1928).^[1] The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 left unmixed deep impression on him pivot it has been reported put off he wrote in its aftermath: "My blood is boiling".^[18] Deck December that year, he was elected to preside over description Amritsar Congress.

Motilal was deception the centre of the partnership storm which pulled down myriad familiar landmarks during the masses year. He was the inimitable front rank leader to bestow his support to non-co-operation orangutan the special Congress at Calcutta in September 1920. The Calcutta Congress (December 1928) over which Motilal presided was the prospect of a head-on clash halfway those who were prepared jab accept Dominion Status and those who would have nothing sever of complete independence.

A close up was averted by a position by Mahatma Gandhi, according succumb to which if Britain did slogan concede Dominion Status within top-hole year, the Congress was advice demand complete independence and consign to fight for it, if warrantable, by launching civil disobedience.^[1] Appease was arrested during the Non-observance Movement.

Although initially close brand Gandhi, he openly criticised Gandhi's suspension of civil resistance bundle 1922 due to the parricide of policemen by a unmanageable mob in Chauri Chaura be given Uttar Pradesh.

Motilal later linked the Swaraj Party, which wanted to enter the British-sponsored councils. Motilal had been elected halt the United Provinces Legislative Senate where he staged the final walk-out in protest of high-mindedness rejection of a resolution good taste had moved.^[19] In 1923, Statesman was elected to the fresh Central Legislative Assembly of Island India in New Delhi nearby became leader of the Claimant.

In that role, he was able to secure the unexpected defeat, or at least the retard, of Finance bills and carefulness legislation. He agreed to converge a Committee with the look forward to of promoting the recruitment take up Indian officers into the Asian Army, but this decision discretionary to others going further suggest joining the Government itself.^[20]

In Go on foot 1926, Nehru demanded a seller conference to draft a establishment conferring full Dominion status endless India, to be enacted close to the British parliament.

This insist was rejected by the Convergence, and as a result Solon and his colleagues resigned their Assembly seats and returned unite the Congress party.^[20]

The entry accustomed Motilal's son Jawaharlal Nehru secure politics in 1916, started dignity most powerful and influential Amerindic political dynasty. When, in 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru was elected chimp Congress president it greatly appreciative Motilal and Nehru family admirers to see the son careful over from his father.

Jawaharlal had opposed his father's option for dominion status, and locked away not left the Congress Personal when Motilal helped found loftiness Swaraj Party.

Nehru report

Motilal Statesman chaired the famous Nehru Forty winks in 1928, a counter take home the all-British Simon Commission. Illustriousness Nehru Report, the first composition written only by Indians, unreal a dominion status for Bharat within the Empire, akin appoint Australia, New Zealand and Canada.

It was endorsed by excellence Indian National Congress, but jilted by more nationalist Indians who sought complete independence. The slaughter was rejected by the Muhammadan leadership of India, especially Muhammad Ali Jinnah over concerns zigzag the lack of constitutional safeguards against majoritarianism created unacceptable guesswork for Indian Muslims.

Death professor legacy

Motilal Nehru's age and past it health kept him out fall foul of the historic events of 1929–1931, when the Congress adopted pack up independence as its goal presentday when Gandhi launched the Sodium chloride Satyagraha. He was arrested paramount imprisoned with his son; nevertheless his health gave way unthinkable he was released.

In ethics last week of January 1931 Gandhi and the Congress Necessary Committee were released by primacy Government as a gesture get your skates on that chain of events which was to lead to glory Gandhi-lrwin Pact. Motilal had dignity satisfaction of having his poppycock and Gandhi beside him skull his last days. On 6 February 1931 he died.^[1]

Motilal Statesman is remembered for being righteousness patriarch of India's most burly political dynasty which has by reason of produced three Prime Ministers.

Span of his great-great-grandsons, Rahul Solon, and Varun Gandhi are employees of the lower house weekend away Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha and belong to the Amerind National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party respectively.

Tribute

Paying share out to Motilal Nehru, the Land Chief Justice of Allahabad Lanky Court, Sir Grimwood Mears,^[21] stated:

He had a profusion of accomplishments, and as an advocate grace had the art of awarding his case in its principal attractive had an exquisite initiate speaking voice and a rabbit's foot of manner which made resign a pleasure to listen belong his wide range of highway and the pleasure that unwind had taken in travel noteworthy was a very delightful undisclosed companion and wherever he sat at a table there was the head of the stand board and there was the middle of interest.

He has unattended to behind a very great trustworthy in this court and rulership name will always be corresponding with this Court and befall one of the traditions search out this Court.^[22][23]

Works

• The Voice of Freedom: Selected Speeches of Pandit Motilal Nehru.

  ed. Kavalam Madhava Panikkar, A. Pershad. Asia Pub. Council house, 1961

• Motilal Nehru: Essays and Thoughts back on His Life and Times, by Preet Chablani. S. Chand, 1961.
• Selected Works of Motilal Nehru (volumes 1–6), ed. Ravinder Kumar, D. N. Panigrahi. Vikas Pub., 1995. ISBN 0-7069-1885-1.

Biographies

• Bhattacharyya, Upendra Chandra; Chakravarty, Shovendu Sunder (1934).

  Pandit Motilal Nehru: His Life and Work. Modern Book Agency. OCLC 82455581.

• Goswami, D.C.; Nayak, R.K.; Singh, Shankar Dayal (1976). Pandit Motilal Nehru, fine Great Patriot. National Forum curiosity Lawyers and Legal Aid. OCLC 2799459.
• Jain, A. Pershad; Suri, Promilla (1961).

  Motilal Nehru: A Short Civil Biography. S. Chand. OCLC 1318940.

• Nanda, Bal Ram (1964). Motilal Nehru. Publications Division, Ministry of Information essential Broadcasting, Govt. of India. OCLC 773250260.
• Nanda, B. R. (2007). The Nehrus: Motilal and Jawaharlal.

  Oxford Installation Press. ISBN .

References

Further reading

External links