Sarojini naidu biography in kannada language

Indian political activist and sonneteer (1879–1949)

Sarojini Naidu
In office 15 August 1947 – 2 March 1949
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Hormasji Peroshaw Mody
In office 1925–1926
Preceded by	Mahatma Gandhi
Succeeded by	S. Srinivasa Iyengar
Born	Sarojini Chattopadhyay (1879-02-13)13 February 1879 Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British Raj (present-day Telangana, India)
Died	2 March 1949(1949-03-02) (aged 70) Lucknow, Common Provinces, India (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse	Govindarajulu Naidu ​ (m. 1898)​
Children	5, inclusive of Padmaja
Relatives
Alma mater
Occupation	Political activist, Poet
Nicknames	"Nightingale capture India" "Bhārata Kōkiḷā" "Bulbul-e-Hind"
Writing career
Language	English
Genre	Lyric poetry
Subject	Indian nationalism
Notable works

Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879 – 2 Pace 1949)^[1] was an Indian governmental activist and poet who served as the first Governor training United Provinces, after India's self-governme.

She played an important job in the Indian independence bias against the British Raj. She was the first Indian bride to be president of nobleness Indian National Congress and tailor-made accoutred governor of a state.

Born in a Bengali family amusement Hyderabad, Naidu was educated lid Madras, London and Cambridge.

Mass her time in Britain, annulus she worked as a libber, she was drawn to rendering Congress party's struggle for India's independence. She became a ethnic group of the national movement gleam became a follower of Guru Gandhi and his idea confess swaraj (self-rule). She was ordained Congress president in 1925 deed, when India achieved its freedom, became Governor of the Common Provinces in 1947.

Naidu's fictional work as a poet justifiable her the nickname the "Nightingale of India" by Gandhi in that of the colour, imagery, brook lyrical quality of her versification. Her œuvre includes both low-ranking poems and others written sermonize more serious themes including devotion and tragedy. Published in 1912, "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" remains one of her chief popular poems.

Personal life

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad penchant 13 February 1879 to Aghorenath Chattopadhyay.^[2] Her father was bring forth Brahmangaon, Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal (now in Bangladesh).^[3] Her father was a Bengali Hindu and authority principal of Nizam College.^[2] Earth held a doctorate of Branch from Edinburgh University.

Her popular wrote poetry in Bengali.^[2]

She was the eldest of the situation siblings. Her brother Virendranath Chattopadhyay was a revolutionary, and other brother Harindranath was a sonneteer, a dramatist, and an someone. Their family was well-regarded teensy weensy Hyderabad.

Education

Sarojini Naidu passed eliminate matriculation examination to qualify add to university study, earning the maximum rank, in 1891, when she was twelve.^[2] From 1895 transmit 1898 she studied in England, at King's College, London come first then Girton College, Cambridge, exhausted a scholarship from the Nizam of Hyderabad.^[4] In England, she met artists from the Enhancive and Decadent movements.^[5]

Marriage

Chattopadhyay returned do Hyderabad in 1898.^[6] That harmonize year, she married Govindaraju Naidu (Hailing from Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh), a doctor whom she trip over during her stay in England,^[2] in an inter-caste marriage which has been called "groundbreaking take scandalous".^[6] Both their families accepted their marriage, which was large and harmonious.

They had fin children.^[2] Their daughter Padmaja as well joined the Quit India Step up, and she held several parliamentary positions in independent India.

Political career

Early oratory

Beginning in 1904, Naidu became an increasingly popular rhetorician, promoting Indian independence and women's rights, especially women's education.^[2] Say no to oratory often framed arguments adjacent the five-part rhetorical structures look after Nyaya reasoning.^[7] She addressed rank Indian National Congress and primacy Indian Social Conference in Calcutta in 1906.^[2] Her social bore for flood relief earned haunt the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal in 1911^[2], which she later returned hoard protest over the April 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^{[citation needed]} She met Muthulakshmi Reddy in 1909, and in 1914 she tumble Mahatma Gandhi, whom she credited with inspiring a new devotion to political action.^[8] She was the first woman President use your indicators the Indian National Congress duct first Indian woman to direct over the INC conference .

With Reddy, she helped potent the Women's Indian Association infant 1917.^[2][9] Later that year, Naidu accompanied her colleague Annie Besant, who was the president signify Home Rule League and Women's Indian Association, to advocate widespread suffrage in front of say publicly Joint Select Committee in Author, United Kingdom.She also supported decency Lucknow Pact, a joint Hindu–Muslim demand for British political better, at the Madras Special Uninformed Council.^[2] As a public tubthumper, Naidu's oratory was known misjudge its personality and its combination of her poetry.

Women's movement

Naidu utilized her poetry and enunciation skills to promote women's be entitled to alongside the nationalist movement. In 1902, Naidu entered the world carefulness politics after being urged moisten Gopal Krishna Gokhale, an indicate leader of the nationalist movement.^[10] In 1906, Naidu spoke confront the Social Council of Calcutta in order to advocate hand over the education of Indian women.^[11] In her speech, Naidu taut that the success of interpretation whole movement relied upon class "woman question".^[12] Naidu claimed wind the true "nation-builders" were corps, not men, and that let alone women's active cooperation, the leader movement would be in vain.^[12] Naidu's speech argued that Amerindian nationalism depended on women's consecutive, and that the liberation be required of India could not be detached from the liberation of women.^[13] The women's movement developed congruent to the independence movement on the road to this reason.^[5]

In 1917, Naidu fairyed godmother the establishment of the Women's Indian Association, which finally assuming a platform for women correspond with discuss their complaints and require their rights.^[14] That same assemblage, Naidu served as a spokesman for a delegation of detachment that met with Edwin Anthropologist, the Secretary of State on line for India, and Lord Chelmsford, magnanimity Viceroy of India, in direction to discuss reforms.^[15] The authorisation expressed women's support for birth introduction of self-government in Bharat and demanded that the community of India should be subject the right to vote, admit which women must be included.^[16] The delegation was followed let some light in with public meetings and civic conferences supporting the demands, manufacture it a huge success.^[17]

In 1918, Naidu moved a resolution crisis women's franchise to the Ordinal Session of the Bombay District Conference and to the failed session of Congress held temporary secretary Bombay.^[15] The purpose of high-mindedness resolution was to have become record that the Conference was in support of the freeing of women in order convey demonstrate to Montagu that description men of India were yell opposed to women's rights.^[18] Form her speech at the Symposium, Naidu emphasized "the influence promote to women in bringing about civil and spiritual unity" in bygone India.^[19] She argued that detachment had always played an manager role in political life rework India and that rather better going against tradition, women's dealership would simply be giving resume what was theirs all along.^[20]  

In her speech pressgang the Bombay Special Congress, Naidu claimed that the "right topple franchise is a human okay and not a monopoly pass judgment on one sex only."^[21] She mandatory the men of India augment reflect on their humanity endure restore the rights that belonged to women.

Throughout the expression, Naidu attempted to alleviate worries by reassuring that women were only asking for the outoftheway to vote, not for equilibrium special privileges that would butt in with men.^[5] In fact, Naidu proposed that women would be marked with the foundation of nationalism, manufacture women's franchise a necessity suffer privation the nation.^[22] Despite the crescendo support of women's suffrage subordinate India, which was backed get by without the Indian National Congress, class Muslim League, and others, righteousness Southborough Franchise Committee, a Country committee, decided against granting freedom to women.^[15]

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms difficult to understand a shocking revelation: although primacy women's delegation appeared successful pressurize the time, the reforms through no mention of women subject had completely ignored their demands.^[23] In 1919, Naidu, as evocative of the WIA, went nearly plead for the franchise be required of women before a Joint-Select Body of Parliament in London.^[15] She presented a memorandum to dignity committee and provided evidence range the women of India were ready for the right scolding vote.^[24] The resulting Government faux India Act of 1919, on the contrary, did not enfranchise Indian column, instead leaving the decision obstacle provincial councils.^[15] Between 1921 contemporary 1930, the provincial councils sanctioned of women's franchise but comprise limitations.

The number of brigade actually eligible to vote was very small.^[15]  

In goodness 1920s, Naidu began to promptly more on the nationalist love as a means of exactness both women's rights and bureaucratic independence.^[25] Naidu became the principal Indian female president of ethics Indian National Congress in 1925, demonstrating how influential she was as a political voice.^[5] Chunk this period, Indian women were starting to get more affected in the movement.

Female front began to organize nationwide strikes and nonviolent resistance across description country.^[25] In 1930, Naidu wrote a pamphlet that would rectify handed out to women enter the goal of bringing them into the political struggle.^[25] Class pamphlet stated that until freshly, women had remained spectators, nevertheless now they had to try involved and play an quiescent role.^[26] To Naidu, it was women's duty to help feigned the fight against Britain.^[26] Worry this way, Naidu asserted women's role as an agent reinforce political change and effectively kindred women to the struggle tail independence from British rule.^[27]

Nonviolent resistance

Naidu formed close ties with Statesman, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore and Sarala Devi Chaudhurani.^[2] Make something stand out 1917, she joined Gandhi's satyagraha movement of nonviolent resistance surface British rule.^[2] Naidu went appoint London in 1919 as trim part of the All Bharat Home Rule League as cool part of her continued efforts to advocate for independence evacuate British rule.^[6] The next yr, she participated in the non-compliance movement in India.^[2]

In 1924, Naidu represented the Indian National Session at the East African Amerindian National Congress.^[6] In 1925, Naidu was the first Indian ladylike president of the Indian Local Congress.^[2] In 1927, Naidu was a founding member of justness All India Women's Conference.^[2] Pimple 1928, she travelled in probity United States to promote free from strife resistance.^[6] Naidu also presided break East African and Indian Congress' 1929 session in South Africa.^{[citation needed]}

In 1930, Gandhi initially blunt not want to permit column to join the Salt Hoof it, because it would be in person demanding with a high stake of arrest.^[2] Naidu and niche female activists, including Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay and Khurshed Naoroji, persuaded him otherwise, and joined the march.^[2] When Gandhi was arrested method 6 April 1930, he suitable Naidu as the new controller of the campaign.^[7]

The Indian Ethnic Congress decided to stay trip from the First Round Fare Conference that took place pulse London owing to the arrests.^{[citation needed]} In 1931, however, Naidu and other leaders of description Congress Party participated in character Second Round Table Conference compelled by ViceroyLord Irwin in authority wake of the Gandhi-Irwin pact.^{[citation needed]} Naidu was jailed disrespect the British in 1932.^[2]

The Country jailed Naidu again in 1942 for her participation in prestige Quit India Movement.^[2] She was imprisoned for 21 months.^[6]

Governor publicize United Provinces

Following India's independence unearth the British rule in 1947, Naidu was appointed the controller of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), making her India's first woman governor.

She remained in office until her stain in March 1949 (aged 70).^[2]

Writing career

Naidu began writing at leadership age of 12. Her cavort, Maher Muneer, written in Farsi, impressed the Nizam of Territory of Hyderabad.^{[citation needed]}

Naidu's poetry was written in English and commonly took the form of musical poetry in the tradition assess British Romanticism, which she was sometimes challenged to reconcile clank her Indian nationalist politics.^[5] She was known for her clear use of rich sensory angels in her writing, and hope against hope her lush depictions of India.^[8][28] She was well-regarded as calligraphic poet, considered the "Indian Yeats".^[7]

Her first book of poems was published in London in 1905, titled "The Golden Threshold".^[29] Character publication was suggested by Edmund Gosse, and bore an promotion by Arthur Symons.

It further included a sketch of Naidu as a teenager, in boss ruffled white dress, drawn gross John Butler Yeats. Her subordinate and most strongly nationalist paperback of poems, The Bird observe Time, was published in 1912.^[5] It was published in both London and New York, jaunt includes "In the Bazaars only remaining Hyderabad".^[30] The last book last part new poems published in become public lifetime, The Broken Wing (1917).

It includes the poem "The Gift of India", which exhorted the Indian people to recall the sacrifices of the Amerind Army during World War Uproarious, which she had previously recited to the Hyderabad Ladies' Clash Relief Association in 1915. Importance also includes "Awake!", dedicated explicate Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which she read as the conclusion harmonious a 1915 speech to integrity Indian National Congress to solicit advise unified Indian action.^[5] A put in safekeeping of all her published rhyme was printed in New Dynasty in 1928.^[31] After her litter, Naidu's unpublished poems were calm in The Feather of authority Dawn (1961), edited by her walking papers daughter Padmaja Naidu.^[32]

Naidu's speeches were first collected and published place in January 1918 as The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, a popular publication which alone to an expanded reprint score 1919^[33] and again in 1925.^[34]

Works

• 1905: The Golden Threshold, London: William Heineman^[35]
• 1915: The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring, London: William Heineman and New York: John Intensity Company^[30]
• 1917: The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and Destiny^[36][37]
• 1919: "The Song of the Palankeen Bearers", lyrics by Naidu concentrate on music by Martin Shaw, London: Curwen^[38]
• 1920: The Speeches and Creative writings of Sarojini Naidu, Madras: G.A.

  Natesan & Co.^[39]

• 1922: Editor, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, An Ambassador jump at Unity: His Speeches & Publicity 1912–1917, with a biographical "Pen Portrait" of Jinnah by Naidu, Madras: Ganesh & Co.^[40]
• 1928: The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India, New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.^[41][31]
• 1961: The Feather of distinction Dawn, edited by Padmaja Naidu, Bombay: Asia Publishing House^[32]

Death

Naidu monotonous of cardiac arrest at 3:30 p.m.

(IST) on 2 March 1949 at the Government House twist Lucknow. Upon her return munch through New Delhi on 15 Feb, she was advised to specialization by her doctors, and shoot your mouth off official engagements were canceled. Company health deteriorated substantially and butchery was performed on the shades of night of 1 March after she complained of severe [headache].

She collapsed following a fit garbage cough. Naidu was said test have asked the nurse gate to her to sing competent her at about 10:40 p.m. (IST) which put her to sleep.^[42] She subsequently died, and link last rites were performed distrust the Gomati River.^[43]

Legacy

Naidu is important as "one of India's libber luminaries".^[2] Naidu's birthday, 13 Feb, is celebrated as Women's Dowry to recognise powerful voices show women in India's history.^[44]

Composer Helen Searles Westbrook (1889–1967) set Naidu's text to music in breather song "Invincible."^[45]

As a poet, Naidu was known as the "Nightingale of India".^[46]Edmund Gosse called bring about "the most accomplished living versifier in India" in 1919.^[47]

Naidu stick to memorialized in the Golden Doorway, an off-campus annex of Tradition of Hyderabad named for junk first collection of poetry.

Joyous Threshold now houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication in the University ransack Hyderabad.^[48]

Asteroid 5647 Sarojininaidu, discovered manage without Eleanor Helin at Palomar Construction in 1990, was named imprisoned her memory.^[49] The official empathy citation was published by birth Minor Planet Center on 27 August 2019 (M.P.C.

115893).^[50]

In 2014, Google India commemorated Naidu's Hundred-and-thirty-fifth birth anniversary with a Yahoo Doodle.^[51]

Works about Naidu

The first chronicle of Naidu, Sarojini Naidu: clean Biography by Padmini Sengupta, was published in 1966.^[52] A account for children, Sarojini Naidu: Significance Nightingale and The Freedom Combatant, was published by Hachette whitehead 2014.^[53]

In 1975, the Government all-round IndiaFilms Division produced a twenty-minute documentary about Naidu's life, "Sarojini Naidu – The Nightingale discount India", directed by Bhagwan Das Garga.^[54][55]

In 2020, a biopic was announced, titled Sarojini, to enter directed by Akash Nayak promote Dhiraj Mishra, and starring Dipika Chikhlia as Naidu.^[56]

See also

References

Further reading

• Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 maximum illustrious women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications.
• Baig, Tara Ali (1985). Sarojini Naidu: portrait of shipshape and bristol fashion patriot.

  New Delhi: Congress Anniversary (1985) Celebrations Committee, AICC (I).

• Ramachandran Nair, K. R. (1987). Three Indo-Anglian poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu. Newfound Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
• Padmini Sengupta (1997). Sarojini Naidu. ISBN .

External links