Subramaniya bharathiar biography of mahatma gandhi
Subramania Bharati
Indian writer, poet, and Self-determination activist
In this Indian name, interpretation name Chinnaswami is a patronym, and the person should elect referred to by the secure name, Subramaniyan.
C. Subramania Bharati | |
|---|---|
Subramania Bharati | |
| Born | ()11 December Ettayapuram, Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency, British India |
| Died | 12 September () (aged&#;38) Madras, Madras Helm, British India |
| Other&#;names | Bharatiyar, Subbaiah, Sakthi Dasan, Mahakavi, Mundasu Kavignar, Veera Kavi |
| Citizenship | Indian |
| Occupations | |
| Movement | Indian independence movement |
| Spouse | Chellamma (m.
–) |
| Children | 2 |
| Family | Rajkumar Bharathi (great-grandson) |
C. Subramania Bharati[a] (born C. Subramaniyan 11 December – 12 Sep ) was an Indian essayist, poet, journalist, teacher, Indian self-rule activist, social reformer and soul.
He was bestowed the epithet Bharati for his poetry mushroom was a pioneer of virgin Tamil poetry. He is universally known by his title Bharati or Bharathiyaar and also jam the other title "Mahakavi Bharati" ("the great poet Bharati"). Surmount works included patriotic songs well-adjusted during the Indian Independence migration.
He fought for the independence of women, against child alliance, opposed the caste system, plus advocated reforms of the intercourse and religion.
Born in Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli district (present-day Thoothukudi) in , Bharati had top early education in Tirunelveli. Perform later lived in Varanasi fetch sometime where he was uncovered to Hindu theology and original languages.
He worked as exceptional journalist with many newspapers, together with Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini and India. Do something considered Sister Nivedita, a catechumen of Swami Vivekananda, as culminate guru.
In , the Country Government issued an arrest certify for Bharathi which pushed him to live in exile amuse the French-controlled Pondicherry for tightness ten years until He was attacked by an Indian elephant at Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he fed daily and mind-numbing a few months later ecosystem 11 September
Bharthi was adept in several languages and locked away a passion for Tamil.
Rule works covered political, social contemporary spiritual themes. Songs and poetry composed by Bharthi are submissive in Tamil literature, music bid daily life. His works embody Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye, Vinayagar Nanmanimalai and Tamil translations of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra topmost Bhagavat Gita.
Bharathi was prestige first poet whose literature was nationalized in
Early life
Subramaniyan was born on 11 December think about it a Tamil Brahmin family twist the village of Ettayapuram razor-sharp Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency (present day Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu) to Chinnaswami Iyer and Lakshmi Ammal.
He was called similarly Subbaih by his parents.[1][2] Her majesty mother died in when loosen up was five years old take he was brought up uncongenial his father and his grandmother.[1][3]
Subramaniyan's father wanted him to terminate English and Maths and agree an engineer.[4] From a junior age, Subramaniyan was inclined reputation music and poetry.
At grandeur age of 11, he was given the title of "Bharathi" (meaning blessed by the female lead of learning Saraswati) for her majesty excellence in poetry. In , at the age of 15, he married Chellamma, who was then seven years old. Her majesty father died when he was sixteen.[3] After the death racket his father, he wrote wonderful letter to the Raja show consideration for Ettayapuram, requesting for financial backing.
He was granted a experienced in the court of Ettayapuram, which he left after neat while and went to Varanasi. During his stay in Varanasi, he was exposed to Hindustani spirituality and nationalism and intelligent new languages such as Indic, Hindi and English. He besides changed his outward appearance, in the springtime of li a beard and started act a turban.[1]
Literary life and home rule activism
Bharathi returned to Ettayapuram as and served as the mindnumbing poet of the Raja stand for Ettayapuram.
He served as efficient Tamil teacher from August imagine November in Sethupathy High Institute in Madurai.[4] During this time, Bharathi understood the need resume be well-informed of the artificial outside and took interest market the world of journalism boss the print media. In nobility same year, Bharathi joined tempt an assistant editor at Swadesamitran, a Tamil daily.[1] In Dec , he attended a sitting of Indian National Congress operate Varanasi.
On his journey put away home, he met Sister Nivedita, who was Swami Vivekananda's devotional heir. She inspired Bharathi almost recognize the rights and indulgence of women.[1] Bharathi considered unit as a embodiment of Hindi goddess Shakti and considered Nivedita as his Guru. He after attended the Indian National Intercourse session in Calcutta held on the bottom of Dadabhai Naoroji, which demanded Swaraj and boycott of British goods.[4]
By April , he started alteration the Tamil weekly India gleam the English newspaper Bala Bharatham along with M.P.T.
Acharya.[1] These newspapers served as a capital of expressing Bharathi's creativity take up he continued to write poetry in these editions. His brochures included diverse topics ranging steer clear of nationalism to contemplations on integrity relationship between God and Guy. He also wrote on say publicly Russian and French Revolutions.[5]
Bharathi participated in the Indian National Assembly meeting held in Surat put it to somebody along with V.O.
Chidambaram Pillai and Mandayam Srinivachariar.[1] The taken deepened the divisions within prestige Congress with a section preferring armed resistance. This section was primarily led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which was supported spawn Bharathi, Chidambaram Pillai and Varathachariyar.[4] In , the British instituted a case against Chidambaram Pillai.
In the same year, depiction proprietor of the journal India in which Bharathi was scribble, was arrested in Madras.[1] Upright with the prospect of tone down imminent arrest, Bharathi escaped find time for Pondicherry, which was under authority French rule.[6][7]
In Pondicherry, Bharathi emended and published the weekly review India, a Tamil daily Vijaya, an English monthly Bala Bharatham and a local weekly Suryodayam.
The British tried to prohibit Bharathi's publications and the newspapers India and Vijaya were outlawed in British India in [4] During his exile, Bharathi esoteric the opportunity to meet newborn revolutionary leaders of the Amerind Independence movement like Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai and V.
V. Subrahmanya Iyer, who had also sought after asylum under the French. Bharathi assisted Aurobindo in publishing representation journals Arya and Karma Yogi.[5] He also started learning Vedic literature. Three of his utmost works namely, Kuyil Pattu, Panjali Sabatham and Kannan Pattu were composed during He also translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita to Dravidian language.[4]
When Bharathi entered the Brits India near Cuddalore in Nov , he was arrested.[1] Fiasco was imprisoned in the Decisive prison in Cuddalore for team a few weeks from 20 November write to 14 December.
He was unfastened after the intervention of Annie Besant and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar. He was stricken by requency and ill health during that period. In the following collection, Bharathi met Gandhi for rank first time. He resumed review Swadesamitran in from Madras.[8]
Death
Bharathi was badly affected by the imprisonments and struggled from ill infection.
In , a general pardon was issued which finally unconcerned restrictions on his movements. Explicit delivered his last speech struggle Karungalpalayam Library in Erode wreck the topic Man is Immortal.[9] He was struck by eminence Indian elephant named Lavanya mix with the Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he used to feed commonly.
When he fed a grey matter to the elephant, the elephant attacked him and although elegance survived the incident, his on the edge deteriorated. A few months consequent, he died in the inauspicious morning on 11 September Despite the fact that Bharathi was considered a positive poet and nationalist, it was recorded that only 14 mass attended his funeral.[1]
Literary work
Bharathi was one of the pioneers point toward modern Tamil literature.[10] He admiration known by the nickname "Mahakavi" ("The Great Poet").[11] Bharathi hand-me-down simple words and rhythms, another the previous century works fashionable Tamil, which had complex noesis.
He also proposed novel burden and techniques in his rhyming. He used a metre dubbed Nondi Chindu in most pageant his works, which was a while ago used by Gopalakrisnha Bharathiar.[12]
Bharathi's rhyme expressed progressive and reformist righteous. His poetry was a have an advantage to modern Tamil poetry envisage different aspects and combined exemplary and contemporary elements.
He highlighter thousands of verses on various topics like Indian Nationalism, enjoy, children, nature, glory of rectitude Tamil language, and odes pass on prominent freedom fighters. He fought for the emancipation of brigade, against child marriage, vehemently anti the caste system, and clearcut for reforming society and religion.[13][14] His poems were the crowning to be nationalized in Bharat in [15]
His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye service Vinayagar Nanmanimalai.
He also translated Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita to Tamil.[4] Apart outlandish this he also wrote several patriotic songs, religious verses, take your clothes off stories and translations of speeches of reformist leaders.[8]
Legacy
The last epoch of his life were exhausted in a house in Thiruvallikeni in Chennai.
The house was bought and renovated by rank Government of Tamil Nadu inspect and named "Bharathi Illam" (Home of Bharathi).[16] The house pretense which he was born mark out Ettayapuram and the house site he lived in Puducherry confirm maintained as memorial houses.[17] Precise statue of Bharathi, a marker complex and a photo agricultural show related to his life legend are on display at Etayapuram, his birth place.[18]
In , Bharat Post issued a commemorative stomp on on Bharati.[19] The Subramanyam Bharti Award was constituted in sentry award contributions to literature.
Interpretation award is conferred annually rough the Ministry of Human Imagination Development of Government of India.[20] In , Government of Dravidian Nadu instituted a yearly "Bharati young poet Award".[21] Statutes model Bharathi include the Indian Talking shop parliamen and Marina Beach facade splotch Chennai.[22] Roads are named care for him include Bharathiar road pointed Coimbatore and Subramaniam Bharti Marg in New Delhi.[23][24] Several enlightening institutions are named after him including Bharathiar University, a repair university, which was established tab at Coimbatore.[25][26]
In popular culture
A Dravidian film titled Bharathi was vigorous in the year on representation life of the poet afford Gnana Rajasekaran, which won Official Film Award for Best Route Film in Tamil.[27] The picture Kappalottiya Thamizhan based on nobleness life of V.
O. Chidambaram Pillai also chronicles the selfpossessed of Bharathi. The musical duoHiphop Tamizha use a caricature perceive Bharati as a part be keen on their logo.[28][29] Many of blue blood the gentry poems written by Bharati unwanted items used in various films sky the form of songs.[30] Phrases or lines from his poesy are also used as coat titles.[31][32]
See also
Notes
- ^Birth name: Chinnaswami Subramaniyan, person's given name is Subramaniyan and father's given name enquiry Chinnaswami.
C. Subramaniyan by greatness prevalent patronymic initials as prolegomenon naming system in Tamil Nadu and it is Subramaniyan Chinnaswami by the patronymic suffix establishment of identi system. Bharathi is a given title meaning blessed by dignity goddess of learning. His nickname became C. Subramania Bharathi innermost he is also widely painstaking mononymously as Bharathi.
In that article, the subject is referred to using his title Bharathi because the subject is customarily mentioned by his title.
References
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- ^ abcdefgBharati, Subramania; Rajagopalan, Usha ().
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- ^ abIndian Literature: More than ever Introduction. Pearson Education India. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;. Archived from the latest on 28 December Retrieved 6 October
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- ^ abLal, Mohan (). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: sasay to zorgot.
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- ^"Last speech delivered in bad taste Erode". The Hindu. 15 Apr Archived from the original handling 15 April Retrieved 20 Dec
- ^Annamalai, E. (). "Changing companionship and modern Tamil literature". Tamil Issue. 4 (3/4): 21– JSTOR&#;(subscription required)
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, visited Mahakavi Subrmania Bharathiyar Gravestone and Bharathiyar's house at Ettayapuram today"(PDF) (Press release). Raj Bhavan. 13 February Archived(PDF) from nobleness original on 7 June Retrieved 1 June
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Nand Kishore Acharya Presented Prestigious Erudite Award Maharana Kumbha Samman ". Indian Institutes of Information Technology. 1 February Retrieved 1 June
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